Description
The GY-MAX30102 is a compact optical biosensor module designed for heart rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring in wearable and fitness projects. It integrates the MAX30102 sensor IC, which combines red (660nm) and infrared (880nm) LEDs, a photodetector, and low-noise signal processing circuitry with ambient light rejection in a single package .
The module communicates via I2C and outputs raw optical data from the photodetector. By analyzing the pulsatile component of the reflected light (PPG signal), a host microcontroller can calculate heart rate and estimate SpO2. The sensor features an 18-bit ADC and programmable sampling rates, allowing high-resolution capture of the pulse waveform. The MAX30102 is designed for ultra-low-power operation, with heart-rate monitoring consuming less than 1mW and a shutdown current of 0.7µA .
The GY-MAX30102 breakout board provides 3.3V–5V input compatibility, making it accessible for Arduino, ESP32, and Raspberry Pi projects. It includes an INT pin for data-ready interrupts . Typical applications include fitness tracker prototypes, wearable health monitors, and biomedical engineering projects.
Critical limitations: The MAX30102 requires direct skin contact with stable pressure. Motion artifacts and ambient light (especially direct sunlight) significantly degrade signal quality. The sensor is not waterproof and is not a certified medical device. Module quality varies across suppliers—PCB trace thickness, regulator quality, and lens alignment can affect signal stability .
Features
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Dual-Wavelength Optical Sensing: Red (660nm) and IR (880nm) LEDs for SpO2 and heart rate measurement .
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Raw PPG Output via I2C: Host microcontroller runs algorithms for BPM and SpO2 calculation .
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18-Bit ADC with Programmable Sampling: High-resolution pulse waveform capture .
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Ambient Light Rejection: Integrated circuitry minimizes interference from environmental light .
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Ultra-Low Power: <1mW for heart rate monitoring; 0.7µA shutdown current .
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Wide Compatibility: 3.3V–5V input; works with Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi .
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Interrupt Pin: Data-ready signal for efficient host polling .
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Compact Module: Small PCB footprint suitable for wearable prototyping .
Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Sensor IC | Analog Devices MAX30102 |
| LED Wavelengths | Red: ~660nm; IR: ~880nm |
| Supply Voltage (Module) | 3.3V – 5V DC |
| Current Draw | ~600µA typical (core); varies by module |
| Output Interface | I2C (address 0x57) |
| ADC Resolution | 18-bit |
| Sampling Rate | Programmable (high sample rates supported) |
| Operating Temperature | -40°C to +85°C |
| PCB Size | Approx. 21 × 16mm (varies by supplier) |
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