Description
The GY-MAX30102 is a compact optical biosensor module designed for heart rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring in wearable and fitness projects. It integrates the Maxim MAX30102 sensor IC, which combines red (660nm) and infrared (880nm) LEDs, a photodetector, and low-noise signal processing circuitry with ambient light rejection in a single package .
The module communicates via I2C and outputs raw optical data from the photodetector. By analyzing the pulsatile component of the reflected light (PPG signal), a host microcontroller can calculate heart rate and estimate SpO2. The sensor features an 18-bit ADC and programmable sampling rates up to 3200 Hz, allowing high-resolution capture of the pulse waveform .
The GY-MAX30102 breakout board provides 3.3V–5V input compatibility, making it accessible for Arduino, ESP32, and Raspberry Pi projects. It includes an INT pin for data-ready interrupts and onboard level shifting/regulation for 5V systems . Typical applications include fitness trackers, wearable health monitors, and biomedical prototyping.
Critical limitations: The MAX30102 requires direct skin contact with stable pressure. Motion artifacts and ambient light (especially direct sunlight) significantly degrade signal quality . The sensor is not waterproof and is not a certified medical device. For applications requiring validated SpO2 readings, a clinical-grade pulse oximeter is necessary.
Features
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Dual-Wavelength Optical Sensing: Red (660nm) and IR (880nm) LEDs for SpO2 and heart rate measurement .
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Raw PPG Output via I2C: Host microcontroller runs algorithms for BPM and SpO2 calculation .
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18-Bit ADC with Programmable Sampling: 50–3200 Hz sampling rate for high-resolution pulse waveform capture .
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Ambient Light Rejection: Integrated circuitry minimizes interference from environmental light .
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Low Power Consumption: <1mW for heart rate monitoring; 0.7µA shutdown current .
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Wide Compatibility: 3.3V–5V input; works with Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi .
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Interrupt Pin: Data-ready signal for efficient host polling .
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Compact Module: Small PCB footprint suitable for wearable prototyping .
Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Sensor IC | Maxim MAX30102 |
| LED Wavelengths | Red: ~660nm; IR: ~880nm |
| Supply Voltage (Module) | 3.3V – 5V DC |
| Current Draw | <6mA typical; <15mA max (varies by module) |
| Output Interface | I2C (address 0x57) |
| ADC Resolution | 18-bit |
| Sampling Rate | 50 – 3200 Hz (programmable) |
| Operating Temperature | -40°C to +85°C |
| PCB Size | Approx. 14 × 14mm (varies by supplier) |
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